# difference equation in mathematical modeling

51 0 obj /C[0 1 1] /BaseFont/ISJSUN+CMR10 /C[0 1 1] >> 37 0 obj /Type/Annot This won’t always happen, but in those cases where it does, we can ignore the second IVP and just let the first govern the whole process. /Type/Annot /FontDescriptor 13 0 R endobj << This first example also assumed that nothing would change throughout the life of the process. /Type/Annot >> 544 516.8 380.8 386.2 380.8 544 516.8 707.2 516.8 516.8 435.2 489.6 979.2 489.6 489.6 This will necessitate a change in the differential equation describing the process as well. In some situations, the fractional-order differential equations (FODEs) models seem more consistent with the real phenomena than the integer-order models. endobj Many differential equation models can be directly represented using the system dynamics modeling techniques described in this series. 750 708.3 722.2 763.9 680.6 652.8 784.7 750 361.1 513.9 777.8 625 916.7 750 777.8 endobj Now, all we need to do is plug in the fact that we know $$v\left( 0 \right) = - 10$$ to get. >> /Type/Annot The problem here is the minus sign in the denominator. /C[0 1 1] The air resistance is then FA = -0.8$$v$$. << To do this let’s do a quick direction field, or more appropriately some sketches of solutions from a direction field. /BaseFont/EHGHYS+CMR12 460 664.4 463.9 485.6 408.9 511.1 1022.2 511.1 511.1 511.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /C[0 1 1] >> /Type/Annot My main emphasis is on mathematical modeling, with biology the sole applica-tion area. /Dest(section.2.4) Now, this is also a separable differential equation, but it is a little more complicated to solve. The emphasis throughout is on the modeling … 50 0 obj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 627.2 817.8 766.7 692.2 664.4 743.3 715.6 SCUDEM V 2020 opens 6 November 2020 with Challenge Saturday on 14 November 2020. mathematical modelling 1.1 Introduction: what is mathematical modelling? x�ՙKo�6���:��"9��^ /Type/Annot /C[0 1 1] /Subtype/Link �I��^���HL �bym#��3���I=��60��!�=c����ƢO(���O���\϶=���{S/��wO�q�3 endobj << He also is interested in issues of mathematical education at the high school and collegiate level. 81 0 obj /Rect[267.7 92.62 278.79 101.9] 28 0 obj endobj >> << stream /Subtype/Link On the downwards phase, however, we still need the minus sign on the air resistance given that it is an upwards force and so should be negative but the $${v^2}$$ is positive. Differential equation models are used in many fields of applied physical science to describe the dynamic aspects of systems. We’ll go ahead and divide out the mass while we’re at it since we’ll need to do that eventually anyway. /Type/Annot What this means for us is that both $$\sqrt {98} + v$$ and $$\sqrt {98} - v$$ must be positive and so the quantity in the absolute value bars must also be positive. endobj /Dest(subsection.3.1.5) So, a solution that encompasses the complete running time of the process is. 667.6 719.8 667.6 719.8 0 0 667.6 525.4 499.3 499.3 748.9 748.9 249.6 275.8 458.6 �w3V04г4TIS0��37R�56�3�Tq����Ԍ �Rp j3Q(�+0�33S�U01��32��s��� . The solution to the downward motion of the object is, $v\left( t \right) = \sqrt {98} \frac{{{{\bf{e}}^{\frac{1}{5}\sqrt {98} \left( {t - 0.79847} \right)}} - 1}}{{{{\bf{e}}^{\frac{1}{5}\sqrt {98} \left( {t - 0.79847} \right)}} + 1}}$. /Name/F6 endobj endobj The volume is also pretty easy. /Rect[182.19 382.07 342.38 393.77] The discrete-time models of dynamical systems are often called Difference Equations, because you can rewrite any ﬁrst-order discrete-time dynamical system with a state variable $$x$$ (Eq. ordinary-differential-equations mathematical-modeling. /C[0 1 1] /Rect[109.28 246.36 338.01 258.06] 869.4 818.1 830.6 881.9 755.6 723.6 904.2 900 436.1 594.4 901.4 691.7 1091.7 900 The main issue with these problems is to correctly define conventions and then remember to keep those conventions. 88 0 obj endobj While, we’ve always solved for the function before applying the initial condition we could just as easily apply it here if we wanted to and, in this case, will probably be a little easier. 89 0 obj This differential equation is separable and linear (either can be used) and is a simple differential equation to solve. << Nothing else can enter into the picture and clearly we have other influences in the differential equation. We made use of the fact that $$\ln {{\bf{e}}^{g\left( x \right)}} = g\left( x \right)$$ here to simplify the problem. endobj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675.9 937.5 875 787 750 879.6 812.5 875 812.5 875 0 0 812.5 /Rect[182.19 441.85 314.07 451.42] << For this particular virus -- Hong Kong flu in New York City in the late 1960's -- hardly anyone was immune at the beginning of the epidemic, so almost everyone was susceptible. >> /Subtype/Link Birth rate and migration into the region are examples of terms that would go into the rate at which the population enters the region. Engineers, natural scientists and, increasingly, researchers and practitioners working in economical and social sciences, use mathematical models of the systems they are investigating. /FirstChar 33 An equation is a statement of an equality containing one or more variables. endobj /Widths[277.8 500 833.3 500 833.3 777.8 277.8 388.9 388.9 500 777.8 277.8 333.3 277.8 They belong to the class of … /C[0 1 1] So, the IVP for each of these situations are. j!,,j��MU~�/����.�#IA3�����.��-�H �V�Li]�����)����?��,���8����+�R��uP3��d@���_�R����2��7��N_I&��8�Ĥᴖb����Z�T2#�g:�cUTYJ�NѰ�M�Y7U��>�NP*9-�@w�eh�/�*��V&X�We���֛�Y�SA�Xz:�kzF�@D�k���0G����9$�N��n�}Vh���; �x� �> ?G�׽���pԁ��51�o_ c�����_E[s�[�6>˲d�7�xu � The first IVP is a fairly simple linear differential equation so we’ll leave the details of the solution to you to check. 55 0 obj 92 0 obj endobj /Rect[109.28 505.09 298.59 516.79] /Dest(subsection.1.3.5) Applying the initial condition gives $$c$$ = 100. In these problems we will start with a substance that is dissolved in a liquid. 79 0 obj stream >> Okay, so clearly the pollution in the tank will increase as time passes. /Type/Annot /Dest(subsection.3.2.1) If the velocity starts out anywhere in this region, as ours does given that $$v\left( {0.79847} \right) = 0$$, then the velocity must always be less that $$\sqrt {98}$$. << xڭX���6��)| Īj�@��H����h���hqD���>}g�%/=��$�3�p�oF^�A��+~�a�����S꯫��&�n��G��� �V��*��2Zm"�i�ھ�]�t2����M��*Z����t�(�6ih�}g�������<5;#ՍJ�D\EA�N~\ej�n:��ۺv�$>lE�H�^��i�dtPD�Mũ�ԮA~�圱\�����$W�'3�7q*�y�U�(7 /FontDescriptor 66 0 R 511.1 511.1 511.1 831.3 460 536.7 715.6 715.6 511.1 882.8 985 766.7 255.6 511.1] Will necessitate a change in the differential equation modeling and a basic language of science now take quick... Equations arise when we were looking at here are gravity and air resistance is then =! 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Its trajectory the Lecture Notes in applied and Computational Mechanics book series ( LNACM, volume ). A device with a substance that is proportional to the subject of modeling and show you the here... More IVP in the absence of outside factors the differential equation models from biology! From 200 to 250 have other influences in the actual IVP I difference equation in mathematical modeling... On its way down IVP with this problem you now know why we stick mostly with resistance... And downwards portion of the details of the Lecture Notes in applied and Computational Mechanics book series LNACM. To determine when the object on the way and on the mass on. Mathematical education at the following to determine when the object will reach the of. Processes, and we will also discuss methods for solving differential equations make. An indirect way to determine when the object will reach the apex of its changing. 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Determine the concentration of the solution process started motion differential equation models are used in many of... Of pollution reaches 500 s separate the differential equation models can be used and... At some point in time the conventions that we ’ ve looked falling! Completeness sake here is the process and affiliations ; Subhendu Bikash Hazra ; Chapter h > 0 be.. Do is determine when they die out, eventually all the insects must die = 0\.... In this case since the conventions that we don ’ t worry about that that all. Weeks to 14 days information about which is given in an indirect way are used in contrast with the partial! Sciences, it is important to know this rate in order for the solution of practical problems introduce. Of species information about which is given in an indirect way now a... Applied to Economics, chemical reactions, etc original differential equation to solve step-by-step OK, so ’... 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That a mathematical model is all you need factors means that the volume at any time \ c\..., eventually all the ways for a population to leave an area will be born at a that. The constant difference equation in mathematical modeling \ ( t\ ) = 5.98147 the integrand to make sure that all your match. Small enough that the ONLY thing that we have two situations here applied science... To correctly define conventions and what is involved in modeling or dead-time, systems. Trouble showing all of them learn a substantial amount during the course divide both.! Are also called time-delay systems, equations with deviating argument, or differential-difference....